1.) Zingaki iziboshwa zaseMelika ezimangalela uhlelo lwamajele eziboshiwe?

Ezingu-27 kuzo zonke iziboshwa eziyi-1,000 zifaka Isimangalo Sombuso noma Sikahulumeni mayelana nokuphathwa kwazo.

Ulwazi oluvela: I-University of Michigan Law School

https://www.law.umich.edu/facultyhome/margoschlanger/Documents/Publications/Inmate_Litigation_Results_National_Survey.pdf

2.) Bangaki abantu abasejele eMelika?

Ngo-2025, inani lamajele ase-US lilinganiselwa kubantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezi-2. Lesi sibalo sihlanganisa abantu ababoshwe emajele kahulumeni, amajele kahulumeni, amajele endawo, nezinye izikhungo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo. Umbiko Wenqubomgomo Yasejele othi "Ukuboshwa Kwenqwaba: The Whole Pie 2025" unikeza umbono obanzi walaba bantu ababoshiwe. Izinga lokuboshwa e-US lingelinye eliphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni, kanti abantu abangu-583 kwabayi-100,000 bavalelwe.

https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2025.html#:~:text=Together%2C%20these%20systems%20hold%20nearly,centers%2C%20state%20psychiatric%20hospital%2C%20and

3.) Ngakho-ke, ingakanani inombolo yeziboshwa zaseMelika ezifaka amacala mayelana nokuphathwa kwazo unyaka ngamunye?

Izigidi ezimbili zihlukaniswa ngenkulungwane zilingana nezinkulungwane ezimbili

Izinkulungwane ezimbili ziphindwe kamashumi amabili nesikhombisa zilingana nezi-54,000

Ngakho-ke, cishe iziboshwa zaseMelika ezingaba ngu-54,000 zivula amacala enkantolo yesifunda noma yenhlangano mayelana nokuphathwa kwazo unyaka ngamunye.

4.) Ingabe zonke iziboshwa ezihlukunyeziwe eMelika zivula amacala?

Uma uyifundile incwadi yami, uyazi ukuthi uhlelo lwamajele lwazi kahle ukuthi yini okumele yenziwe ukuze kukhawulwe ikhono lesiboshwa lokuvula icala. Balimisa ngokuphelele ikhono lami lokubamangalela. Uma sicabangela inani leziboshwa ezihlukunyezwayo ezingawafaki amacala, inani langempela leziboshwa zaseMelika ezihlukunyezwa emajele aseMelika lingaphezulu kakhulu kwezingu-54,000 - liphezulu kakhulu. Inani lamacala alinqunyelwe kuphela izenzo ezikhohlisayo, ezenziwa ngaphansi kohlelo lwejele, kodwa nekhono lesiboshwa lokuvula icala . Ezinye iziboshwa azilifaki icala enkantolo ngokuhlukunyezwa kwazo ngoba zingafuni ukubonakala njengezintekenteke noma 'umcuphi'. Ezinye iziboshwa azikwazi nje ukumangalela futhi azinamuntu ongazisiza. Ukungazi kwabo kuyabavimba. Elinye iqembu elikhulu kakhulu elingakaze lifake amacala abantu abakhubazekile ngokomqondo. Bamane nje abanawo amandla engqondo okuqonda okwenzeka kubo, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi benzeni ngakho. Lapho ngisejele, ngathola ukuthi iziboshwa ezinezinkinga zengqondo yizo ezazihlukunyezwa kakhulu onogada. Onogada babengazesabi iziboshwa 'zeMental Health' futhi bezihlukumeza njalo. Ogulayo kodwa kuyiqiniso.

5.) Ingabe iziboshwa ziqamba amanga ngokuthi zihlukunyeziwe?

Ngahlala ejele iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi nane ngathola ukuthi bathi uhlukunyezwe abasebenzi basejele ezinye iziboshwa ziyakugxeka. Kwenza isiboshwa esikhonondayo sibukeke sibuthakathaka futhi ngokuvamile kubangela ukuthi isiboshwa sibhalwe 'njengomcuphi' ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwezomthetho. Umqondo ojwayelekile phakathi kweziboshwa wukuthi kufanele ushaye noma yimuphi unogada okulimazayo. Ukuziphindiselela ngendlela yokuhlukumeza ngokomzimba kuyancomeka iziboshwa, kuyilapho amacala ephikisana. Ngakho, nakuba ezinye iziboshwa zingaqamba amanga ngokuxhashazwa, eziningi azikwenzi lokho. Babeka engcupheni yodlame oluvela kubasebenzi basejele nezinye iziboshwa ngokuza nezindaba zabo. Ukuqamba amanga kuyivelakancane.

6.) Ingabe iMelika inemithetho eyakhelwe ukuvimba iziboshwa ekufakeni amacala mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa kwazo ngabasebenzi basejele?

Yebo, imithetho ethile ivikela uhlelo lwamajele emacaleni, okwenza kube nzima ngeziboshwa ukumangalela ngokwephula umthethosisekelo noma izimo zasejele. Umthetho Wokuguqulwa Kwamacala Asemajele ( PLRA ) uyisibonelo esiyinhloko salowo mthetho. Igunyaza ukuthi iziboshwa zisebenzise wonke amakhambi okuphatha ngaphambi kokuvula amacala ahlobene nezimo zasejele. Ngokuvamile iziboshwa zivalelwa zodwa ngaphandle kweposi noma ukufinyelela emakhambi okuphatha, abizwa 'ngesikhalo', ngakho azikwazi ukufaka amacala. Ngiyachaza ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani kimi encwadini yami. Uhlelo lwamajele luyazi ukuthi uma ungakwazi ukufaka izikhalazo, awusoze wavula icala, ngakho-ke basebenzisa amaqhinga, amaqhinga afana nokufaka isiboshwa esitokisini ukuvimbela isinyathelo sokuqala sokuqulwa kwecala. Ukuboshwa kulapho isiboshwa sifakwa esitokisini sodwa bese onogada betshelwa ukuthi bangasiniki isiboshwa amafomu okufaka isikhalo futhi balahle noma yiziphi izikhalo ezibhalwe phansi kudoti kunokuba bazihambise. Lokhu kwenziwa kimina eJele Elilikhulu e-Raleigh, eNyakatho ye-Carolina ukuze ngiqinisekise ukuthi angisoze ngavula icala mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa engakuthola lapho.

Kuneminye imithetho ye-Federal evimbela iziboshwa ekulandeleni amacala mayelana nokuphathwa kwazo. Ijaji likahulumeni elizimele lodwa lifunda isikhalazo ngasinye sesiboshwa futhi linamandla okusichitha ngaphandle kokuzwa ubufakazi uma libona icala 'njengelimnandi' noma 'lenkohliso'. Lo mthetho uvumela abasebenzi basejele ukuthi bahlukumeze iziboshwa ngokwenza nje into ebonakala kalula 'njengenhle', njengokusebenzisa isigxobo sensimbi ukushaya isiboshwa. Lesi ngesinye isiziba sokuhlukunyezwa kwejele. Inqobo nje uma amajele enza okuthile 'okuhlanya', ngeke abekwe icala. Ngixoxa ngokuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani kimi encwadini yami.